E-mails between me and my solicitor.

JUST TO LET YOU ALL KNOW AT THE HEARING IN MY ABCENSE 14,3,22 THEY DISCONTINUED ALL CHARGES AGAINST ME AS UNDER CONTRACT LAW I DO NOT HAVE A CONTRACT WITH PARLIAMENT TO FOLLOW THEIR STUPID RULES. LAW IS MADE BY A JURY OF 12 COMMON PEOPLE ( MEMBERS OF THE PUBLIC ) IN A COURT OF LAW AND NOT BY MEMBERS OF AN ELITE CLUB SUCH AS MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT OR BY A SO CALLED JUDGE. SO THAT MEANS ONE THING AND ONE THING ONLY 12 OF YOU TOGETHER IN A COURT OF LAW ARE THE LAW.   ( COMMON LAW )                                             SO YOU CAN CREATE LAW AND NULLIFY AN ACT OF PARLIAMENT BY RETURNING A VERDICT CONTRARY TO THE ACT IF A DEFENDANT ON TRIAL PLEADS NOT GUILTY  TO AN OFFENCE OF AN ACT OF PARLIAMENT IF THE DEFENDAND HAS NOT AGREED TO FOLLOW THE ACT IN THE FIRST PLACE AND IF THERE IS NO INJURED PARTE OR IF THERE WOULD OF NOT BEEN A RISK TO THERE BEING AN INJURED PARTE ( VICTIM )


Hi helen.
 
3/14/2022 at 7:38 AM

Before 2pm today you need to provide the following evidence.
 
Number 1.
Can you and or the criminal protection service ( crown prosecution service ) Show me a contract between me and parliament agreeing that I will follow their stupid rules 
as under contract law which is common law if there is no agreement between 2 parties then there is no obligation to follow the rules.
acts of parliament are not law only common law is law until such time I enter a contract with parliament it is not given the force of law under contract law.
And what is the name of the prosecutor from the criminal protection service as they are liable if they proceed.
 
section 139 (1) and 6 of the criminal justice act of parliament 1988 (No contract with parliament).
 
section 1 (1) of the prevention of crime act of parliament 1953 (No contract with parliament) 
 
Number 2 
You need to show me the judicial oaths of the fake magistrates or the fake district judges as they only have authority when they are on their oaths.

Promissory Oaths Act 1868

    Form of judicial oath.

The oath in this Act referred to as the judicial oath shall be in the form following; that is to say

www.judiciary.uk Oaths | Courts and Tribunals Judiciary Oaths

When judges are sworn in they take two oaths/affirmations. The first is the oath of allegiance and the second the judicial oath; these are collectively referred to as the judicial oath.

Oath of allegiance

“I, _________ , do swear by Almighty God that I will be faithful and bear true allegiance to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth the Second, her heirs and successors, according to law.”

Judicial oath

“I, _________ , do swear by Almighty God that I will well and truly serve our Sovereign Lady Queen Elizabeth the Second in the office of ________ , and I will do right to all manner of people after the laws and usages of this realm, without fear or favour, affection or ill will.”

Affirmation – Allegiance

“I, ____________ , do solemnly sincerely and truly declare and affirm that I will be faithful and bear true allegiance to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth the Second Her Heirs and Successors according to Law.”

Affirmation – Judicial

“I, ____________ , do solemnly sincerely and truly declare and affirm that I will well and truly serve our Sovereign Lady Queen Elizabeth the Second in the office of ____________ , and I will do right to all manner of people after the laws and usages of this Realm without fear or favour, affection or ill will.”

 

If you can't show me evidence that the fake magistrates and the fake district judges are on their oaths the crimes committed by them are: count 1  section 2 fraud act 2006 fraud by false representation.

Fraud Act 2006

2Fraud by false representation

(1)A person is in breach of this section if he—

(a)dishonestly makes a false representation, and

(b)intends, by making the representation—

(i)to make a gain for himself or another, or

(ii)to cause loss to another or to expose another to a risk of loss.

(2)A representation is false if—

(a)it is untrue or misleading, and

(b)the person making it knows that it is, or might be, untrue or misleading.

(3)“Representation” means any representation as to fact or law, including a representation as to the state of mind of—

(a)the person making the representation, or

(b)any other person.

(4)A representation may be express or implied.

(5)For the purposes of this section a representation may be regarded as made if it (or anything implying it) is submitted in any form to any system or device designed to receive, convey or respond to communications (with or without human intervention).

Count 2.  section 3 (a) Fraud act 2006 failing to disclose information.

3Fraud by failing to disclose information

A person is in breach of this section if he—

(a)dishonestly fails to disclose to another person information which he is under a legal duty to disclose, and

(b)intends, by failing to disclose the information—

(i)to make a gain for himself or another, or

(ii)to cause loss to another or to expose another to a risk of loss.

 

Count 3 Conspiracy to kidnap contrary to the common law. (maximum sentence life in prison)

 

Count 4 Conspiracy to hold people in false imprisonment contrary to the common law. (maximum sentence life in prison)

 

The fake magistrates and fake district judges are obliged to show proof of their oaths when requested to do so.

can you show me evidence Lincoln magistrates court corporation is a court of law and not a registered business.

 

So if you and the criminals at the fake magistrates court neglect to show me the above evidence. I again will start "protesting" the crimes at the fake magistrates court and I have a load more posters to go up and I might have to buy myself more spray paint.

And by the time you have read this E-mail It has been copied and uploaded to my blog for everyone to see and read.

P.S can you post me a copy of that psychiatric report you didn't send me I think we both know what it's about. It's all about the corruption that happens everyday at the fake magistrates court.

I will be looking forward to your response.

Good morning 3/14/2022 at 8:30 AM

 

The hearing today is at 10 am so you will need to attend at Court for 9.30 am.   

 

I cannot provide the information that you requested as I am defending you and not part of the Court.  I have posted out 2 copies of the psychiatric report for you but will post out a 3rd copy.  Unfortunately I only have a digital copy and won’t be able to print a copy to bring to Court to hand to you.

 

Regards

 

Helen


Hi Helen. 
 
How was the finding of fact hearing? did you find a contract between me and parliament agreeing that I agree to following their stupid rules? did you find the name of the prosecutor from the criminal protection service? did you find the names of the fake magistrates or the fake district judges? did you find the judicial oaths that the fake district judges or fake magistrates that are never on?
 
regards.

Hello Helen.  1/19/2022 at 2:59 PM
 
You Can Copy This email and send it to the criminal protection service!
 
I Only got your letter yesterday I have been unable to read your emails as I have had malware on my laptop and it took a while before I got the issue resolved.
I have not read the psychiatric report so I don't know what it says so you can send it to the liason team if you like.
 
The criminal damage was a result of the corruption at the fake magistrates court as in january 2020 I was at the fake magistrates court operating under the business name of lincoln magistrates court the reason I was at the fake magistrates court was over a council tax dispute with the city of lincoln council I attended the fake magistrates court and asked the fake magistrates who were not on thier oath if they agreed with the fake summons issued by the city of lincoln council and they did along with the clerk to the court Michael Seath so they committed fraud and perjury and never the less the fake magistrates who were not on their judicial oath committed futher offences of fraud including section 2 fraud act 2006

Fraud Act 2006

2Fraud by false representation

(1)A person is in breach of this section if he—

(a)dishonestly makes a false representation, and

(b)intends, by making the representation—

(i)to make a gain for himself or another, or

(ii)to cause loss to another or to expose another to a risk of loss.

(2)A representation is false if—

(a)it is untrue or misleading, and

(b)the person making it knows that it is, or might be, untrue or misleading.

(3)“Representation” means any representation as to fact or law, including a representation as to the state of mind of—

(a)the person making the representation, or

(b)any other person.

(4)A representation may be express or implied.

(5)For the purposes of this section a representation may be regarded as made if it (or anything implying it) is submitted in any form to any system or device designed to receive, convey or respond to communications (with or without human intervention).

As The Fake Magistrates awarded the city of Lincoln council liability they committed section 5 fraud act 2006.

5“Gain” and “loss”

(1)The references to gain and loss in sections 2 to 4 are to be read in accordance with this section.

(2)“Gain” and “loss”—

(a)extend only to gain or loss in money or other property;

(b)include any such gain or loss whether temporary or permanent;

and “property” means any property whether real or personal (including things in action and other intangible property).

(3)“Gain” includes a gain by keeping what one has, as well as a gain by getting what one does not have.

(4)“Loss” includes a loss by not getting what one might get, as well as a loss by parting with what one has.

 

If they want to continue to pretend the fake magistrates court is a real court that is fine with me as they have also committed 

Perjury Act 1911

5False statutory declarations and other false statements without oath.

If any person knowingly and wilfully makes (otherwise than on oath) a statement false in a material particular, and the statement is made—

(a)in a statutory declaration; or

(b)in an abstract, account, balance sheet, book, certificate, declaration, entry, estimate, inventory, notice, report, return, or other document which he is authorised or required to make, attest, or verify, by any public general Act of Parliament for the time being in force; or

(c)in any oral declaration or oral answer which he is required to make by, under, or in pursuance of any public general Act of Parliament for the time being in force,

he shall be guilty of a misdemeanour and shall be liable on conviction thereof on indictment to imprisonment, . . . F1, for any term not exceeding two years, or to a fine or to both such imprisonment and fine.

12Form of indictment.

(1)In an indictment—

(a)for making any false statement or false representation punishable under this Act; or

(b)for unlawfully, wilfully, falsely, fraudulently, deceitfully, maliciously, or corruptly taking, making, signing, or subscribing any oath, affirmation, solemn declaration, statutory declaration, affidavit, deposition, notice, certificate, or other writing,

it is sufficient to set forth the substance of the offence charged, and before which court or person (if any) the offence was committed without setting forth the proceedings or any part of the proceedings in the course of which the offence was committed, and without setting forth the authority of any court or person before whom the offence was committed.

(2)In an indictment for aiding, abetting, counselling, suborning, or procuring any other person to commit any offence herein-before in this section mentioned, or for conspiring with any other person, . . . F1, to commit any such offence, it is sufficient—

(a)where such offence has been committed, to allege that offence, and then to allege that the defendant procured the commission of that offence; and

(b)where such offence has not been committed, to set forth the substance of the offence charged against the defendant without setting forth any matter or thing which it is unnecessary to aver in the case of an indictment for a false statement or false representation punishable under this Act.

7Aiders, abettors, suborners, &c.

(1)Every person who aids, abets, counsels, procures, or suborns another person to commit an offence against this Act shall be liable to be proceeded against, indicted, tried and punished as if he were a principal offender.

(2)Every person who incites . . . F1 another person to commit an offence against this Act shall be guilty of a misdemeanour, and, on conviction thereof on indictment, shall be liable to imprisonment, or to a fine, or to both such imprisonment and fine.

Here's the oath the fake magistrates and fake judges are never on.

Promissory Oaths Act 1868

    Form of judicial oath.

The oath in this Act referred to as the judicial oath shall be in the form following; that is to say

www.judiciary.uk Oaths | Courts and Tribunals Judiciary Oaths

When judges are sworn in they take two oaths/affirmations. The first is the oath of allegiance and the second the judicial oath; these are collectively referred to as the judicial oath.

Oath of allegiance

“I, _________ , do swear by Almighty God that I will be faithful and bear true allegiance to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth the Second, her heirs and successors, according to law.”

Judicial oath

“I, _________ , do swear by Almighty God that I will well and truly serve our Sovereign Lady Queen Elizabeth the Second in the office of ________ , and I will do right to all manner of people after the laws and usages of this realm, without fear or favour, affection or ill will.”

Affirmation – Allegiance

“I, ____________ , do solemnly sincerely and truly declare and affirm that I will be faithful and bear true allegiance to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth the Second Her Heirs and Successors according to Law.”

Affirmation – Judicial

“I, ____________ , do solemnly sincerely and truly declare and affirm that I will well and truly serve our Sovereign Lady Queen Elizabeth the Second in the office of ____________ , and I will do right to all manner of people after the laws and usages of this Realm without fear or favour, affection or ill will.”

 

 

In Regards to so called offence weapons those 2 were an act of Parliament so if Lincolnshire Police and the criminal protection service can find a contract between me and parliament saying I agree to following Parliaments stupid rules then lincolnshire police and the criminal protection service have assaulted me as they are forcing the will of parliament against me without my consent and that is assault I have a ready made indictment against the police but i'm sure the criminal protection service won't be interested in it as their main roll is to protect criminals!!!!

IN THE CROWN COURT AT LINCOLN

URN NUMBER

Form of Indictment

Criminal Procedure Rules Part 10

B E T W E E N:

REGINA

.v.

PC 512 COOK, PC 585 LANES OF LINCOLNSHIRE POLICE

 Charged As Follows:

 

 

COUNT 1

STATEMENT OF OFFENCE

Wrongful Arrest Contrary To The Common Law.

PARTICULARS OF OFFENCE

On 8,11,21 You PC 512 COOK And PC 585 LANES Wrongfully Arrested I ( redacted ) For Failing To Appear At Lincoln Magistrates Court. Lincoln Magistrates Court Is A Registered Business And The Fake Magistrates And Fake District Judges Are Not On Their Judicial Oaths So No Genuine Arrest Warrant Was Issued And PC 512 COOK And PC 585 LANES Failed to Provide Evidence Of Their Imaginary Arrest Warrant.

 

COUNT 2

STATEMENT OF OFFENCE

Aggravated Assault Contrary To The Common Law.

PARTICULARS OF OFFENCE

On 8,11,21 You PC 512 COOK And PC 585 LANES Intended To Make Unlawful Contact To My ( redacted ) Body Without My Consent Or A Lawful Reason To Do So. According To The Sentencing Council Higher Culpability Is Anyone In A Position Of Public Trust. Such As A Police Constable.

 

COUNT 3

STATEMENT OF OFFENCE

Aggravated Battery Contrary To The Common Law.

PARTICULARS OF OFFENCE

On 8,11,21 You PC 512 COOK And PC 585 LANES Made Unlawful Contact To My ( redacted ) Body Without A Lawful Reason To Do So. According To The Sentencing Council Higher Culpability Is Anyone In A Position Of Public Trust Such As A Police Constable.

COUNT 4

STATEMENT OF OFFENCE

Aggravated Criminal Damage Contrary To Section 1 And Section 5 Of The Criminal Damage Act 1971.

PARTICULARS OF OFFENCE

On 8,11,21 You PC 512 Ripped My Jacket When You Assaulted And Battered And Wrongfully Arrested I ( redacted ) Without Lawful Reason To Do So Apart From To Soothe Your Own Arrogance.

COUNT 5

STATEMENT OF OFFENCE

Aggravated Kidnapping Contrary To The Common Law.

PARTICULARS OF OFFENCE

On 8,11,21 You PC 512 COOK And PC 585 LANES Kidnapped I ( redacted ) From Outside My Residence At ( redacted ) "THE LAW COMMISSION SIMPLIFICATION OF CRIMINAL LAW: KIDNAPPING AND RELATED OFFENCES EXECUTIVE SUMMARY – KIDNAPPING AND FALSE IMPRISONMENT

CLARIFICATION OF KIDNAPPING AND FALSE IMPRISONMENT 1.5 Kidnapping and false imprisonment are both common law offences. They are defined in case law, and not in legislation.

2.1 In the case of D1 Lord Brandon defined kidnapping as follows: First, the nature of the offence is an attack on and infringement of the personal liberty of an individual. Secondly, the offence contains four ingredients as follows: (1) the taking or carrying away of one person by another; (2) by force or fraud; (3) without the consent of the person so taken and carried away; and (4) without lawful excuse. 

COUNT 6

STATEMENT OF OFFENCE

Aggravated False imprisonment Contrary to the Common Law..

PARTICULARS OF OFFENCE

 

On 8,11,21 You PC 512 COOK And PC 585 LANES Handcuffed I ( redacted ) And Prevented I ( redacted ) From Freely Moving Away On My Own Accord After You Wrongfully Arrested Me Thus Holding Me In False Imprisonment. "THE LAW COMMISSION SIMPLIFICATION OF CRIMINAL LAW: KIDNAPPING AND RELATED OFFENCES EXECUTIVE SUMMARY – KIDNAPPING AND FALSE IMPRISONMENT

PART 3 FALSE IMPRISONMENT 3.1 False imprisonment is defined as “the unlawful and intentional or reckless restraint of V’s freedom of movement from a particular place”.1 This definition has been quoted without dispute in many cases.2 "

COUNT 7

STATEMENT OF OFFENCE

Aggravated Theft Contrary To Section 6 Of The Theft Act 1968

PARTICULARS OF OFFENCE

On 8,11,21 You PC 512 COOK And PC 585 LANES Removed Property Not Belonging To You From I ( redacted ) The Property You Removed Was A Kitchen Knife And I Had This Knife On Me Under Castle Law And Castle Law Document Was On Myself You Took It Off Me Into Custody Castle Law Was Imposed On My Address August 2021 And Notice Was Served To Chief Constable CHRIS HAWARD And Lincolnshire Police And Crime Commissioner MARC JONES Via E-mail Castle Law And Self defence criminal law act 1967 This Duty Never Existed When a Person Is Somewhere He Has A Lawful Right To Be But Due To The Repeal Now Extends To Public Places Etc. William Blackstone Commentaries On The Laws Of England: Not Only Was The Doctrine Considered To Justify Defence Against Neighbours And Criminals, But Any Of The Crowns Agents Who Attempt To Enter Without A Proper Warrant As Well. A Copy OF The Full Document Will Be Included With This Indictment.

COUNT 8

STATEMENT OF OFFENCE

Aggravated Theft Contrary To Section 6 Of The Theft Act 1968

PARTICULARS OF OFFENCE

On 8,11,21 You PC 512 COOK And PC 585 LANES Removed Property Not Belonging To You From I ( redacted ) The Property You Removed Was A Telescopic Baton And I Had This Telescopic Baton On Me Under Castle Law And Castle Law Document Was On Myself You Took It Off Me Into Custody Castle Law Was Imposed On My Address August 2021 And Notice Was Served To Chief Constable CHRIS HAWARD And Lincolnshire Police And Crime Commissioner MARC JONES Via E-mail Castle Law And Self defence criminal law act 1967 This Duty Never Existed When a Person Is Somewhere He Has A Lawful Right To Be But Due To The Repeal Now Extends To Public Places Etc. William Blackstone Commentaries On The Laws Of England: Not Only Was The Doctrine Considered To Justify Defence Against Neighbours And Criminals, But Any Of The Crowns Agents Who Attempt To Enter Without A Proper Warrant As Well. A Copy OF The Full Document Will Be Included With This Indictment.

COUNT 9

STATEMENT OF OFFENCE

Aggravated Assault Contrary To The Common Law

PARTICULARS OF OFFENCE

On 8,11,21 You PC 512 COOK And PC 585 PC LANES Arrested I ( redacted ) For Having An Offensive Weapon Contrary To The Criminal Justice Act 1988 In Re Gard's To A Kitchen Knife I ( redacted ) Have Recorded My Birth Certificate With The Common Law Court I ( redacted ) Only Stands Under Common Law You Are Imposing An Act Of Parliament On ( redacted ) Without The Consent Of ( redacted ) And Without There Being An Injured Parte Or A Risk To There Being An Injured Parte.

COUNT 10

STATEMENT OF OFFENCE

Aggravated Assault Contrary To The Common Law

PARTICULARS OF OFFENCE

On 8,11,21 You PC 512 COOK And PC 585 PC LANES Arrested I ( redacted ) For Having An Offensive Weapon Contrary To The Prevention Of Crime Act 1953 In Re Gard's To A Telescopic Baton I ( redacted ) Have Recorded My Birth Certificate With The Common Law Court I ( redacted ) Only Stands Under Common Law You Are Imposing An Act Of Parliament On ( redacted ) Without The Consent Of ( redacted ) And Without There Being An Injured Parte Or A Risk To There Being An Injured Parte.

COUNT 11

STATEMENT OF OFFENCE

Misconduct In Public Office Contrary To The Common Law

PARTICULARS OF OFFENCE

You PC 512 COOK And PC 585 LANES Are Public Officers You Swear An Oath To The Queen In Office Of Constable You PC 512 COOK And PC 585 Lanes Interact With The General Public And You PC 512 COOK And PC 585 LANES Are Paid By Public Funds Thus Making You Public Officers And As You Have Committed Offences In Public Office You Have Committed The Offence Of Misconduct In Public Office Contrary To The Common Law.

 

 

 

 

 

A) Overview

 

The Informant is laying information for the purpose of seeking the “granting of a process” for warrant of arrest (or in alternative) a summons. The Informant for the purpose of this Private Prosecution is ( redacted ). The Defendants subject of the information laid is a/are person(s) known as PC 512 COOK And PC 585 LANES, hereinafter referred to as the “Defendant(s)”.

 

The Defendant’s address is Lincoln Police Station South Park Avenue LN5 8EL It is requested that any summons be sent to that address.

 

 

B) Legal framework

 

The Private Prosecution sought by the Informant satisfies the provisions of section 6(1) Prosecution of Offences Act 1985 and is not a restricted prosecution in that:

 

  1. The offence alleged against the Defendant is not one where the consent of the Attorney General is required

  2. The offence is an indictable offence and therefore it is not time barred by statute

  3. The offence alleged against the Defendant is not an offence where the DPP has a statutory duty over the conduct of the proceedings

  4. The allegation constitutes an offence in English law and there is prima faci grounds that the essential ingredients are present

  5. The court has jurisdiction over the allegation subject of the information

  6. The Informant is not statute barred to lay the information1

  7. There is no impending prosecution by the CPS against the Defendant based on the information subject of this prosecution.

  8. The Courts have repeatedly emphasised that the discretion to refuse to issue a summons must be sparingly exercised, and only if the prosecution undermines the rule of law or is an affront to justice: for example, R v Milton Keynes Magistrates’ Court, ex p Roberts [1995] Crim LR 224. There is nothing in this information before the court to suggest that prosecuting any Defendant will undermine the rule of law or be an affront to justice.

 

 

C) Background

 

<A ‘sketch’ of the background behind the request, with sufficient detail, and in multiple paragraphs. (DO NOT LUMP IT ALL INTO ONE –‘UNREADABLE’ – PARAGRAPH!>

 

The presentation of this Indictment is not a frivolous act on my part. <Give reason for grievance>.

 

I Was Assaulted Kidnapped And Held In False Imprisonment By PC 512 COOK And PC 585 LANES In Re Gard's To A Fake Arrest Warrant.

 

It may be considered that my request for Grant is considered “vexatious”. In R v Durham Stipendiary Magistrates ex parte Davies (1993) The Times, May 25, 1993 the judgment was: “The fact that a private prosecutor is motivated by personal hostility and obsessed with his case is insufficient reason to justify a decision not to commit a defendant to trial”.

 

Furthermore, there is a House of Lords ruling in Elman v Myers 1940: “An order issued by any Judicial chair occupant who elects to ignore the evidence or acts in contempt of the evidence presented to the judicial chair occupant; amounts to a false instrument, which is abuse of office and leading to the imposition of costs attached to the false instrument”

 

D) CONCLUSION

 

<Write why you think the Defendant(s) should be prosecuted. Again … create multiple paragraphs as necessary>

 

The Defendants Committed The Offences Against Me No Telling s What They Do To Other Members Of The Public Or What They Might Do To Other Members Of The Public I Believe The Defendants To Be A Complete Liability To The Rest Of The Public.

 

 

The CPS threshold test2 is not a pre requisite to a Private Prosecution. However, the fact that there is incontrovertible evidence in the form of the various Witness Statements, is a clear indication that there is a realistic prospect of conviction if this matter proceeds to Trial. In other words, whilst this prosecution is brought privately, it is submitted that the CPS threshold test is met in any event.

 

 

Information laid by:

 

( redacted )

 

 

Judge’s Signature: ______________________________________________

 

Dated: ______________________________________

1 R V West London Justices, ex parte Klahn [1979] 2 ALL ER 221

2 Also known as the “Full Code Test”

 

 

 

I also want to know if it is in the Public interest for the criminal protection service to prosecute me???

The Code for Crown Prosecutors

26 October 2018|Publication

The Code for Crown Prosecutors is a public document, issued by the Director of Public Prosecutions, that sets out the general principles Crown Prosecutors should follow when they make decisions on cases.

Is there enough evidence against the defendant?

When deciding whether there is enough evidence to charge, Crown Prosecutors must consider whether evidence can be used in court and is reliable and credible, and there is no other material that might affect the sufficiency of evidence. Crown Prosecutors must be satisfied there is enough evidence to provide a "realistic prospect of conviction" against each defendant.

Is it in the public interest for the CPS to bring the case to court?

A prosecution will usually take place unless the prosecutor is sure that the public interest factors tending against prosecution outweigh those tending in favour.

Introduction

1.1 The Code for Crown Prosecutors (the Code) is issued by the Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP) under section 10 of the Prosecution of Offences Act 1985. This is the eighth edition of the Code and replaces all earlier versions.

1.2 The DPP is the head of the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS), which is the principal public prosecution service for England and Wales. The DPP operates independently, under the superintendence of the Attorney General who is accountable to Parliament for the work of the CPS.

1.3 The Code gives guidance to prosecutors on the general principles to be applied when making decisions about prosecutions. The Code is issued primarily for prosecutors in the CPS but other prosecutors follow the Code, either through convention or because they are required to do so by law.

1.4 In this Code:

  • “Suspect” is used to describe a person who is under consideration as the subject of formal criminal proceedings;
  • “Defendant” is used to describe a person who has been charged or summonsed;
  • “Offender” is used to describe a person who has admitted guilt as to the commission of an offence, or who has been found guilty in a court of law;
  • “Victim” is used to describe a person against whom an offence has been committed, or the complainant in a case being considered or prosecuted by the CPS.

General Principles

2.1 The independence of the prosecutor is central to the criminal justice system of a democratic society. Prosecutors are independent from persons or agencies that are not part of the prosecution decision-making process. CPS prosecutors are also independent from the police and other investigators. Prosecutors must be free to carry out their professional duties without political interference and must not be affected by improper or undue pressure or influence from any source.

2.2 It is not the function of the CPS to decide whether a person is guilty of a criminal offence, but to make assessments about whether it is appropriate to present charges for the criminal court to consider. The CPS assessment of any case is not in any sense a finding of, or implication of, any guilt or criminal conduct. A finding of guilt can only be made by a court.

2.3 Similarly, a decision not to bring criminal charges does not necessarily mean that an individual has not been a victim of crime. It is not the role of the CPS to make such determinations.

2.4 The decision to prosecute or to recommend an out-of-court disposal is a serious step that affects suspects, victims, witnesses and the public at large and must be undertaken with the utmost care.

2.5 It is the duty of prosecutors to make sure that the right person is prosecuted for the right offence and to bring offenders to justice wherever possible. Casework decisions taken fairly, impartially and with integrity help to secure justice for victims, witnesses, suspects, defendants and the public. Prosecutors must ensure that the law is properly applied, that relevant evidence is put before the court and that obligations of disclosure are complied with.

2.6 Although each case must be considered on its own facts and on its own merits, there are general principles that apply in every case.

2.7 When making decisions, prosecutors must be fair and objective. They must not let any personal views about the ethnic or national origin, gender, disability, age, religion or belief, sexual orientation or gender identity of the suspect, defendant, victim or any witness influence their decisions. Neither must they be motivated by political considerations. Prosecutors must always act in the interests of justice and not solely for the purpose of obtaining a conviction.

2.8 Prosecutors must be even-handed in their approach to every case, and have a duty to protect the rights of suspects and defendants, while providing the best possible service to victims.

2.9 The CPS is a public authority for the purposes of current, relevant equality legislation. Prosecutors are bound by the duties set out in this legislation.

2.10 Prosecutors must apply the principles of the European Convention on Human Rights, in accordance with the Human Rights Act 1998, at each stage of a case. They must comply with any guidelines issued by the Attorney General and with the policies and guidance of the CPS issued on behalf of the DPP, unless it is determined that there are exceptional circumstances. CPS guidance contains further evidential and public interest factors for specific offences and offenders and is available for the public to view on the CPS website. Prosecutors must also comply with the Criminal Procedure Rules and Criminal Practice Directions, and have regard to the Sentencing Council Guidelines and the obligations arising from international conventions.

2.11 The CPS prosecutes on behalf of some other Government departments. In such cases, prosecutors should have regard to any relevant enforcement policies of those departments.

2.12 Some offences may be prosecuted by either the CPS or by other prosecutors in England and Wales. When making decisions in these cases, CPS prosecutors may, where they think it appropriate, have regard to any relevant enforcement or prosecution policy or code of the other prosecutor.

2.13 Where the law differs in England and Wales prosecutors must apply the Code and have regard to any relevant policy, guidance or charging standard.

The Decision Whether to Prosecute

3.1 In more serious or complex cases, prosecutors decide whether a person should be charged with a criminal offence and, if so, what that offence should be. Prosecutors may also advise on or authorise out-of-court disposals as an alternative to prosecution. They make their decisions in accordance with this Code, the DPP’s Guidance on Charging and any relevant legal guidance or policy. The police apply the same principles in deciding whether to start criminal proceedings against a person in those cases for which they are responsible.

3.2 The police and other investigators are responsible for conducting inquiries into any alleged crime and for deciding how to deploy their resources. This includes decisions to start or continue an investigation and on the scope of the investigation. Prosecutors should advise the police and other investigators about possible reasonable lines of inquiry, evidential requirements, pre-charge procedures, disclosure management and the overall investigation strategy. This can include decisions to refine or narrow the scope of the criminal conduct and the number of suspects under investigation. Such advice assists the police and other investigators to complete the investigation within a reasonable period of time and to build the most effective prosecution case.

3.3 Prosecutors cannot direct the police or other investigators. However, prosecutors must have regard to the impact of any failure to pursue an advised reasonable line of inquiry or to comply with a request for information, when deciding whether the application of the Full Code Test should be deferred or whether the test can be met at all.

3.4 Prosecutors should identify and, where possible, seek to rectify evidential weaknesses but, subject to the Threshold Test (see section 5), they should quickly stop cases which do not meet the evidential stage of the Full Code Test (see section 4) and which cannot be strengthened by further investigation, or where the public interest clearly does not require a prosecution (see section 4). Although prosecutors primarily consider the evidence and information supplied by the police and other investigators, the suspect or those acting on their behalf may also submit evidence or information to the prosecutor, before or after charge, to help inform the prosecutor’s decision. In appropriate cases, the prosecutor may invite the suspect or their representative to do so.

3.5 Prosecutors should not start or continue a prosecution where their view is that it is highly likely that a court will rule that a prosecution is an abuse of its process, and stay the proceedings.

3.6 Prosecutors review every case they receive from the police or other investigators. Review is a continuing process and prosecutors must take account of any change in circumstances that occurs as the case develops. This includes what becomes known of the defence case, any further reasonable lines of inquiry that should be pursued, and receipt of any unused material that may undermine the prosecution case or assist the defence case, to the extent that charges should be altered or discontinued or the prosecution should not proceed. If a case is to be stopped, care should be taken when choosing the method of termination, as this can affect the victim’s position under the Victims' Right to Review scheme. Wherever possible, prosecutors should consult the investigator when considering changing the charges or stopping the case. Prosecutors and investigators work closely together, but the final responsibility for the decision whether or not a case should go ahead rests with the CPS.

3.7 Parliament has decided that a limited number of offences should only be taken to court with the agreement of the DPP. These are called consent cases. In such cases the DPP, or a prosecutor acting on their behalf, applies the Code in deciding whether to give consent to a prosecution.

3.8 There are also certain offences that can only be taken to court with the consent of the Attorney General. Prosecutors must follow current guidance when referring any such cases to the Attorney General. Some offences require the consent of a Secretary of State before a prosecution is started. Prosecutors must obtain such consent prior to charge and apply any relevant guidance in these cases. Additionally, the Attorney General will be kept informed of certain cases as part of their superintendence of the CPS and accountability to Parliament for its actions.

The Full Code Test

4.1 Prosecutors must only start or continue a prosecution when the case has passed both stages of the Full Code Test. The exception is when the Threshold Test may be applied (see section 5).

4.2 The Full Code Test has two stages: (i) the evidential stage; followed by (ii) the public interest stage.

4.3 The Full Code Test should be applied:

  1. when all outstanding reasonable lines of inquiry have been pursued; or
  2. prior to the investigation being completed, if the prosecutor is satisfied that any further evidence or material is unlikely to affect the application of the Full Code Test, whether in favour of or against a prosecution.

4.4 In most cases prosecutors should only consider whether a prosecution is in the public interest after considering whether there is sufficient evidence to prosecute. However, there will be cases where it is clear, prior to reviewing all the evidence, that the public interest does not require a prosecution. In these instances, prosecutors may decide that the case should not proceed further.

4.5 Prosecutors should only take such a decision when they are satisfied that the broad extent of the criminality has been determined and that they are able to make a fully informed assessment of the public interest. If prosecutors do not have sufficient information to take such a decision, the investigation should continue and a decision taken later in accordance with the Full Code Test set out in this section.

The Evidential Stage

4.6 Prosecutors must be satisfied that there is sufficient evidence to provide a realistic prospect of conviction against each suspect on each charge*. They must consider what the defence case may be, and how it is likely to affect the prospects of conviction. A case which does not pass the evidential stage must not proceed, no matter how serious or sensitive it may be.

4.7 The finding that there is a realistic prospect of conviction is based on the prosecutor’s objective assessment of the evidence, including the impact of any defence and any other information that the suspect has put forward or on which they might rely. It means that an objective, impartial and reasonable jury or bench of magistrates or judge hearing a case alone, properly directed and acting in accordance with the law, is more likely than not to convict the defendant of the charge alleged. This is a different test from the one that the criminal courts themselves must apply. A court may only convict if it is sure that the defendant is guilty.

4.8 When deciding whether there is sufficient evidence to prosecute, prosecutors should ask themselves the following:

Can the evidence be used in court?

Prosecutors should consider whether there is any question over the admissibility of certain evidence. In doing so, prosecutors should assess:

  • the likelihood of that evidence being held as inadmissible by the court; and
  • the importance of that evidence in relation to the evidence as a whole.

Is the evidence reliable?

Prosecutors should consider whether there are any reasons to question the reliability of the evidence, including its accuracy or integrity.

Is the evidence credible?

Prosecutors should consider whether there are any reasons to doubt the credibility of the evidence.

Is there any other material that might affect the sufficiency of evidence?

Prosecutors must consider at this stage and throughout the case whether there is any material that may affect the assessment of the sufficiency of evidence, including examined and unexamined material in the possession of the police, and material that may be obtained through further reasonable lines of inquiry.

The Public Interest Stage

4.9 In every case where there is sufficient evidence to justify a prosecution or to offer an out-of-court disposal, prosecutors must go on to consider whether a prosecution is required in the public interest.

4.10 It has never been the rule that a prosecution will automatically take place once the evidential stage is met. A prosecution will usually take place unless the prosecutor is satisfied that there are public interest factors tending against prosecution which outweigh those tending in favour. In some cases the prosecutor may be satisfied that the public interest can be properly served by offering the offender the opportunity to have the matter dealt with by an out-of-court disposal rather than bringing a prosecution.

4.11 When deciding the public interest, prosecutors should consider each of the questions set out below in paragraphs 4.14 a) to g) so as to identify and determine the relevant public interest factors tending for and against prosecution. These factors, together with any public interest factors set out in relevant guidance or policy issued by the DPP, should enable prosecutors to form an overall assessment of the public interest.

4.12 The explanatory text below each question in paragraphs 4.14 a) to g) provides guidance to prosecutors when addressing each particular question and determining whether it identifies public interest factors for or against prosecution. The questions identified are not exhaustive, and not all the questions may be relevant in every case. The weight to be attached to each of the questions, and the factors identified, will also vary according to the facts and merits of each case.

4.13 It is quite possible that one public interest factor alone may outweigh a number of other factors which tend in the opposite direction. Although there may be public interest factors tending against prosecution in a particular case, prosecutors should consider whether nonetheless a prosecution should go ahead and those factors put to the court for consideration when sentence is passed.

4.14 Prosecutors should consider each of the following questions:

a. How serious is the offence committed?

  • The more serious the offence, the more likely it is that a prosecution is required.
  • When assessing the seriousness of an offence, prosecutors should include in their consideration the suspect’s culpability and the harm caused, by asking themselves the questions at b) and c).

b) What is the level of culpability of the suspect?

  • The greater the suspect’s level of culpability, the more likely it is that a prosecution is required.
  • Culpability is likely to be determined by:
    1. the suspect’s level of involvement;
    2. the extent to which the offending was premeditated and/or planned;
    3. the extent to which the suspect has benefitted from criminal conduct;
    4. whether the suspect has previous criminal convictions and/or out-of-court disposals and any offending whilst on bail or whilst subject to a court order;
    5. whether the offending was or is likely to be continued, repeated or escalated;
    6. the suspect’s age and maturity (see paragraph d below).
  • A suspect is likely to have a much lower level of culpability if the suspect has been compelled, coerced or exploited, particularly if they are the victim of a crime that is linked to their offending.
  • Prosecutors should also have regard to whether the suspect is, or was at the time of the offence, affected by any significant mental or physical ill health or disability, as in some circumstances this may mean that it is less likely that a prosecution is required. However, prosecutors will also need to consider how serious the offence was, whether the suspect is likely to re-offend and the need to safeguard the public or those providing care to such persons.

c) What are the circumstances of and the harm caused to the victim?

  • The circumstances of the victim are highly relevant. The more vulnerable the victim’s situation, or the greater the perceived vulnerability of the victim, the more likely it is that a prosecution is required.
  • This includes where a position of trust or authority exists between the suspect and victim.
  • A prosecution is also more likely if the offence has been committed against a victim who was at the time a person serving the public.
  • It is more likely that prosecution is required if the offence was motivated by any form of prejudice against the victim’s actual or presumed ethnic or national origin, gender, disability, age, religion or belief, sexual orientation or gender identity; or if the suspect targeted or exploited the victim, or demonstrated hostility towards the victim, based on any of those characteristics.
  • Prosecutors also need to consider if a prosecution is likely to have an adverse effect on the victim’s physical or mental health, always bearing in mind the seriousness of the offence, the availability of special measures and the possibility of a prosecution without the participation of the victim.
  • Prosecutors should take into account the views expressed by the victim about the impact that the offence has had. In appropriate cases, this may also include the views of the victim’s family.
  • However, the CPS does not act for victims or their families in the same way as solicitors act for their clients, and prosecutors must form an overall view of the public interest.

d) What was the suspect’s age and maturity at the time of the offence?

  • The criminal justice system treats children and young people differently from adults and significant weight must be attached to the age of the suspect if they are a child or young person under 18.
  • The best interests and welfare of the child or young person must be considered, including whether a prosecution is likely to have an adverse impact on their future prospects that is disproportionate to the seriousness of the offending.
  • Prosecutors must have regard to the principal aim of the youth justice system, which is to prevent offending by children and young people. Prosecutors must also have regard to the obligations arising under the United Nations 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child.
  • Prosecutors should consider the suspect’s maturity, as well as their chronological age, as young adults will continue to mature into their mid-twenties.
  • As a starting point, the younger the suspect, the less likely it is that a prosecution is required.
  • However, there may be circumstances which mean that, notwithstanding the fact that the suspect is under 18 or lacks maturity, a prosecution is in the public interest. These include where:
  1. the offence committed is serious;
  2. the suspect’s past record suggests that there are no suitable alternatives to prosecution; and
  3. the absence of an admission means that out-of-court disposals that might have addressed the offending behaviour are not available.

e) What is the impact on the community?

  • The greater the impact of the offending on the community, the more likely it is that a prosecution is required.
  • The prevalence of an offence in a community may cause particular harm to that community, increasing the seriousness of the offending.
  • Community is not restricted to communities defined by location and may relate to a group of people who share certain characteristics, experiences or backgrounds, including an occupational group.
  • Evidence of impact on a community may be obtained by way of a Community Impact Statement.

f) Is prosecution a proportionate response?

  • In considering whether prosecution is proportionate to the likely outcome, the following may be relevant:
    1. The cost to the CPS and the wider criminal justice system, especially where it could be regarded as excessive when weighed against any likely penalty. Prosecutors should not decide the public interest on the basis of this factor alone. It is essential that regard is also given to the public interest factors identified when considering the other questions in paragraphs 4.14 a) to g), but cost can be a relevant factor when making an overall assessment of the public interest.
    2. Cases should be prosecuted in accordance with principles of effective case management. For example, in a case involving multiple suspects, prosecution might be reserved for the main participants in order to avoid excessively long and complex proceedings.

g) Do sources of information require protecting?

  • In cases where public interest immunity does not apply, special care should be taken when proceeding with a prosecution where details may need to be made public that could harm sources of information, ongoing investigations, international relations or national security. It is essential that such cases are kept under continuing review.

The Threshold Test

5.1 In limited circumstances, where the Full Code Test is not met, the Threshold Test may be applied to charge a suspect. The seriousness or circumstances of the case must justify the making of an immediate charging decision, and there must be substantial grounds to object to bail.

5.2 There must be a rigorous examination of the five conditions of the Threshold Test, to ensure that it is only applied when necessary and that cases are not charged prematurely. All five conditions must be met before the Threshold Test can be applied. Where any of the conditions are not met, there is no need to consider any of the other conditions, as the Threshold Test cannot be applied and the suspect cannot be charged.

First condition - There are reasonable grounds to suspect that the person to be charged has committed the offence

5.3 Prosecutors must be satisfied, on an objective assessment of the evidence, that there are reasonable grounds to suspect that the person to be charged has committed the offence. The assessment must consider the impact of any defence or information that the suspect has put forward or on which they might rely.

5.4 In determining whether there are reasonable grounds to suspect, prosecutors must consider all of the material or information available, whether in evidential format or otherwise. Prosecutors must be satisfied that the material to be relied on at this stage is capable of being:

  1. put into an admissible format for presentation in court;
  2. reliable; and
  3. credible.

Second condition - Further evidence can be obtained to provide a realistic prospect of conviction

5.5 Prosecutors must be satisfied that there are reasonable grounds to believe that the continuing investigation will provide further evidence, within a reasonable period of time, so that when all the evidence is considered together, including material which may point away from as well as towards a particular suspect, it is capable of establishing a realistic prospect of conviction in accordance with the Full Code Test.

5.6 The likely further evidence must be identifiable and not merely speculative.

5.7 In reaching this decision prosecutors must consider:

  1. the nature, extent and admissibility of any likely further evidence and the impact it will have on the case;
  2. the charges that all the evidence will support;
  3. the reasons why the evidence is not already available;
  4. the time required to obtain the further evidence, including whether it could be obtained within any available detention period;
  5. whether the delay in applying the Full Code Test is reasonable in all the circumstances.

Third condition - The seriousness or the circumstances of the case justifies the making of an immediate charging decision

5.8 The seriousness and the circumstances of the case should be assessed in relation to the alleged offending and should be linked to the level of risk created by granting bail.

Fourth condition - There are continuing substantial grounds to object to bail in accordance with the Bail Act 1976 and in all the circumstances of the case it is proper to do so

5.9 This determination must be based on a proper risk assessment, which reveals that the suspect is not suitable to be bailed, even with substantial conditions. For example, a dangerous suspect who poses a serious risk of harm to a particular person or the public, or a suspect who poses a serious risk of absconding or interfering with witnesses. Prosecutors should not accept, without careful enquiry, any unjustified or unsupported assertions about risk if release on bail were to take place.

Fifth condition - It is in the public interest to charge the suspect

5.10 Prosecutors must apply the public interest stage of the Full Code Test based on the information available at that time.

Reviewing the Threshold Test

5.11 A decision to charge under the Threshold Test must be kept under review. The prosecutor should be proactive to secure from the police the identified outstanding evidence or other material in accordance with an agreed timetable. The evidence must be regularly assessed to ensure that the charge is still appropriate and that continued objection to bail is justified. The Full Code Test must be applied as soon as the anticipated further evidence or material is received and, in any event, in Crown Court cases, usually before the formal service of the prosecution case.

Selection of Charges

6.1 Prosecutors should select charges which:

  • reflect the seriousness and extent of the offending;
  • give the court adequate powers to sentence and impose appropriate post-conviction orders;
  • allow a confiscation order to be made in appropriate cases, where a defendant has benefitted from criminal conduct; and
  • enable the case to be presented in a clear and simple way.

6.2 This means that prosecutors may not always choose or continue with the most serious charge where there is a choice and the interests of justice are met by selecting the lesser charge.

6.3 Prosecutors should never proceed with more charges than are necessary just to encourage a defendant to plead guilty to a few. In the same way, they should never proceed with a more serious charge just to encourage a defendant to plead guilty to a less serious one.

6.4 Prosecutors should not change the charge simply because of the decision made by the court or the defendant about where the case will be heard.

6.5 Prosecutors must take account of any relevant change in circumstances as the case progresses after charge.

Out-of-Court Disposals

7.1 An out-of-court disposal may take the place of a prosecution if it is an appropriate response to the offender and/or the seriousness and consequences of the offending.

7.2 Prosecutors must follow any relevant guidance when asked to advise on or authorise an out-of-court disposal, including any appropriate regulatory proceedings, a punitive or civil penalty, or other disposal. They should ensure that the appropriate evidential standard for the specific out-of-court disposal is met including, where required, a clear admission of guilt, and that the public interest would be properly served by such a disposal.

Court Venue

8.1 Prosecutors must have regard to the guidelines on sentencing and allocation when making submissions to the magistrates’ court about where the defendant should be tried.

8.2 Speed must never be the only reason for asking for a case to stay in the magistrates’ court. But prosecutors should consider the effect of any likely delay if a case is sent to the Crown Court, including the possible effect on any victim or witness.

8.3 Prosecutors should bear in mind that if confiscation proceedings are required, these may only take place in the Crown Court. Summary proceedings may be committed for that purpose, where appropriate.

Venue for Trial in Cases Involving Children and Young People

8.4 Prosecutors must bear in mind that children and young people (under 18s) should be tried in the youth court wherever possible. It is the court which is best designed to meet their specific needs. A trial of a child or young person in the Crown Court should be reserved for the most serious cases or where the interests of justice require a child or young person to be jointly tried with an adult.

Accepting Guilty Pleas

9.1 Defendants may want to plead guilty to some, but not all, of the charges. Alternatively, they may want to plead guilty to a different, possibly less serious, charge because they are admitting only part of the crime.

9.2 Prosecutors should only accept the defendant’s plea if:

  1. the court is able to pass a sentence that matches the seriousness of the offending, particularly where there are aggravating features;
  2. it enables the court to make a confiscation order in appropriate cases, where a defendant has benefitted from criminal conduct;
  3. it provides the court with adequate powers to impose other ancillary orders, bearing in mind that these can be made with some offences but not with others.

9.3 Particular care must be taken when considering pleas which would enable the defendant to avoid the imposition of a mandatory minimum sentence.

9.4 Prosecutors must never accept a guilty plea just because it is convenient.

9.5 In considering whether the pleas offered are acceptable, prosecutors should ensure that the interests and, where possible, the views of the victim, or in appropriate cases the views of the victim’s family, are taken into account when deciding whether it is in the public interest to accept the plea. However, the decision rests with the prosecutor.

9.6 It must be made clear to the court on what basis any plea is advanced and accepted. In cases where a defendant pleads guilty to the charges but on the basis of facts that are different from the prosecution case, and where this may significantly affect sentence, the court should be invited to hear evidence to determine what happened, and then sentence on that basis.

9.7 Where a defendant has previously indicated that they will ask the court to take an offence into consideration when sentencing, but then declines to admit that offence at court, prosecutors will consider whether a prosecution is required for that offence. Prosecutors should explain to the defence advocate and the court that the prosecution of that offence may be subject to further review, in consultation with the police or other investigators wherever possible.

Reconsidering a Prosecution Decision

10.1 People should be able to rely on decisions taken by the CPS. Normally, if the CPS tells a suspect or defendant that there will not be a prosecution, or that the prosecution has been stopped, the case will not start again. But occasionally there are cases where the CPS will overturn a decision not to prosecute or to deal with the case by way of an out-of-court disposal or when it will restart the prosecution, particularly if the case is serious.

10.2 These cases include:

  • cases where a further review of the original decision shows that it was wrong and, in order to maintain confidence in the criminal justice system, a prosecution should be brought despite the earlier decision;
  • cases which are stopped so that further anticipated evidence, which is likely to become available in the fairly near future, can be collected and prepared. In these cases, the prosecutor will tell the defendant that the prosecution may well start again;
  • cases which are not prosecuted or are stopped because of a lack of evidence but where more significant evidence is discovered later; and
  • cases involving a death in which a review following the findings of an inquest concludes that a prosecution should be brought, notwithstanding any earlier decision not to prosecute.

10.3 Victims may seek a review of certain CPS decisions not to start a prosecution or to stop a prosecution, under the Victims’ Right to Review Scheme.

** For the purposes of the Code for Crown Prosecutors, “conviction” includes a finding that “the person did the act or made the omission” in circumstances where the person is likely to be found not guilty on the grounds of insanity.

 

As Helen ***** Knows The The Magistrates Court is A Business And Knows The Fake Magistrates And Fake Judges Are Not On Their Judicial Oaths She Has Committed Offences!!

Accessories and Abettors Act 1861

As to Accessories after the Fact:

3Accessories after the Fact may be indicted as such, or as substantive Felons.

Whosoever shall become an Accessory after the Fact to any Felony, whether the same be a Felony at Common Law or by virtue of any Act passed or to be passed, may be indicted and convicted either as an Accessory after the Fact to the principal Felony, together with the principal Felon, or after the Conviction of the principal Felon, or may be indicted and convicted of a substantive Felony whether the principal Felon shall or shall not have been previously convicted, or shall or shall not be amenable to Justice, and may thereupon be punished in like Manner as any Accessory after the Fact to the same Felony, if convicted as an Accessory, may be punished.

4Punishment of Accessories after the Fact.

Every Accessory after the Fact to any Felony (except where it is otherwise specially enacted), whether the same be a Felony at Common Law or by virtue of any Act passed or to be passed, shall be liable, at the Discretion of the Court, to be imprisoned in the Common Gaol or House of Correction for any Term not exceeding Two Years, with or without Hard Labour, and it shall be lawful for the Court, if it shall think fit, to require the Offender to enter into his own Recognizances and to find Sureties, both or either, for keeping the Peace, in addition to such Punishment : Provided that no Person shall be imprisoned under this Clause for not finding Sureties for any Period exceeding One Year.

 

After I sent the above email and asked for it to be copied for the criminal protection service the criminal protection service discontinued with the charges.

Hi Helen
 
I got your letter saying the criminal protection service has dropped the criminal damage charge I was going to e-mail the chief constable of nottinghamshire police to go down to nottingham kangaroo court and get me the judicial oaths of the fake magistrates and the fake district judges.
And we all know they are not on their judicial oaths. so the criminal protection service would of been liable for malicious prosecution.
Could you also post me a copy of the psychiatric report please.
 
Aaron.
 
 
Sent: Tuesday, February 08, 2022 at 11:23 AM
From: 
To: "'
Subject: Criminal Damage Ref

Hi (redacted)

 

Please find a letter about your criminal damage offence which has been discontinued.  You do not need to go to Nottingham Magistrates Court on Thursday. 

 

Regards

 

Helen 











 

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